LEGAL MAXIM
A legal maxim is an established principle or proposition. The Latin term, apparently a variant on maxima, is not to be found in Roman law with any meaning exactly analogous to that of a legal maxim in the Medieval or modern sense of the word, but the treatises of many of the Roman jurists on Regular definitions, and Sententiae juris are, in some measure, collections of maxims. Most of the Latin maxims developed in the Medieval era in European countries that used Latin as their language for law and courts.
SOME MAXIMS ARE GIVEN BELOW
* ACTA EXTERIORA INDICANT SECRETA INTERIORA: THE OUTWARD ACTS SHOW THE SECRET INTENTIONS.
* ACCUSARE NEMO SE DEBET [NISI CORAM DEO]: NO ONE OUGHT TO ACCUSE HIMSELF [EXCEPT TO GOD].
* ACTIO PERSONALIS MORITUR CUM PERSONA: ANY RIGHT OF ACTION DIES WITH THE PERSON.
* ACTORE NON PROBANTE, ABSOLVITUR REUS: AN ACTION NOT PROVED, ABSOLVES THE GUILTY.
*ACTUS DEI NEMINI FACIT INJURIAM: AN ACT OF GOD CAUSES LEGAL INJURY TO NO ONE.
* ACTUS NON FACIT REUM, NISI MENS SIT REA: AN ACT DOES NOT MAKE GUILT, UNLESS THE MIND BE GUILTY.
* ARMA IN ARMATOS SUMERE JURA SINUNT: THE LAW PERMITS THE TAKING UP OF ARMS AGAINST THE ARMED.
* AUDI ALTERAM PARTEM: HEAR THE OTHER SIDE.
* CORPUS DELICTI: BODY OF CRIME.
* DOMUS SUA CINQUE EST TUTISSIMUM REFUGIUM: A MAN’S HOUSE IS HIS SAFEST RETREAT.
* EX PARTE: FOR ONE PARTY ONLY.
* EX TURPI CAUSE NON ORITUR ACTIO: OUT OF A BASE/DISGRACEFUL/ILLEGAL CAUSE, AN ACTION DOES NOT ARISE.
* HABEAS CORPUS: MAY YOU HAVE THE BODY.
* INTER ARMA, LEGES SILENT: IN THE MIDST OF ARMS, THE LAW IS SILENT.
* INTEREST REIPUBLICAE UT SIT FINIS LITIUM: IT CONCERNS THE STATE THAT THERE BE AN END TO LAWSUITS.
* JUDEX NON REDDIT PLUS QUAM QUOD POTENS IPSE REQUIRIT:A JUDGE DOES NOT GIVE MORE THAN THAT WHICH THE PLAINTIFF ASKS.
* JUDICIS EST IUS DICERE, NON DARE: THE JUDGE DECLARES (EXISTING) LAW, AND DOES NOT MAKE NEW ONES.
* LEX DILATIONES SEMPER EXHORRET: THE LAW ALWAYS ABHORS DELAYS.
* LEX NON COGIT IMPOSSIBILIA: THE LAW DOES NOT COMPEL THE DOING OF IMPOSSIBILITIES.
* MANDAMUS: WE ORDER.
* NEMO DAT QUOD HABET: NO ONE GIVES WHAT HE DOES NOT HAVE.
* NEMO DEBET BIS VIXARI PRO UNA ET ENDEM LITIUM: NO ONE OUGHT TO BE TWICE VEXED (SUED) FOR ONE AND THE SAME CAUSE.
* NEMO DEBET ESSE JUDIX IN PROPRIA CAUSA: NOBODY OUGHT TO BE A JUDGE IN HIS OWN CAUSE.
* NOLLE PROSEQUI: UNWILLING TO PURSUE.
* PAR IN PAREM, NO HABET IMPERIUM: AN EQUAL POSSESSES NO POWER OVER AN EQUAL.
* PLUS VALET UNUS OCCULATUS TESTIS, QUAM AURITI DECEM:ONE EYE WITNESS IS STRONGER THAN TEN HEARSAYS.
* PRO BONO PUBLICO: FOR THE GOOD OF THE PUBLIC.
* QUI NON IMPROBAT, APPROBAT: HE WHO DOES NOT DISAPPROVE, APPROVES.
* QUI PARCIT NOCENTIBUS INNOCENTES PUNIT: HE WHO SPARES THE GUILTY, PUNISHES THE INNOCENT.
* QUI PECAT EMBRIUS, LUAT SOBRIUS: HE WHO SINS WHEN DRUNK SHALL BE PUNISHED WHEN SOBER.
* RES JUDICATA: MATTER ALREADY ADJUDGED.
* SUB POENA: UNDER PUNISHMENT.
* VOLENTI NON FIT INJURIA: THAT TO WHICH A MAN CONSENTS CANNOT BE CONSIDERED AN INJURY.
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